Recombinant Human Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha (THRA) Protein (His-B2M)

Name: Recombinant Human Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha (THRA) Protein (His-B2M)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-09303P
Price: 680.8 USD
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: Fc receptors, Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha (THRA) Protein (His-B2M) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P10827
Target Symbol	THRA
Synonyms	c-erbA-1; C-erbA-alpha; EAR-7; ERBA 1; ERBA; ERBA related 7; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group A member 1; THA_HUMAN; THRA; Thra1; Thra2; Thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1; Thyroid hormone receptor alpha 2; Thyroid hormone receptor alpha; TR alpha 1; TR alpha 2; Tra1; Triiodothyronine receptor; V-erbA-related protein 7
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-B2M
Target Protein Sequence	MEQKPSKVECGSDPEENSARSPDGKRKRKNGQCSLKTSMSGYIPSYLDKDEQCVVCGDKATGYHYRCITCEGCKGFFRRTIQKNLHPTYSCKYDSCCVIDKITRNQCQLCRFKKCIAVGMAMDLVLDDSKRVAKRKLIEQNRERRRKEEMIRSLQQRPEPTPEEWDLIHIATEAHRSTNAQGSHWKQRRKFLPDDIGQSPIVSMPDGDKVDLEAFSEFTKIITPAITRVVDFAKKLPMFSELPCEDQIILLKGCCMEIMSLRAAVRYDPESDTLTLSGEMAVKREQLKNGGLGVVSDAIFELGKSLSAFNLDDTEVALLQAVLLMSTDRSGLLCVDKIEKSQEAYLLAFEHYVNHRKHNIPHFWPKLLMKEREVQSSILYKGAAAEGRPGGSLGVHPEGQQLLGMHVVQGPQVRQLEQQLGEAGSLQGPVLQHQSPKSPQQRLLELLHRSGILHARAVCGEDDSSEADSPSSSEEEPEVCEDLAGNAASP
Expression Range	1-490aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	68.8 kDa
Research Area	Neuroscience
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine.; Does not bind thyroid hormone and functions as a weak dominant negative inhibitor of thyroid hormone action.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus.; [Isoform Alpha-2]: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Protein Families	Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 11796 OMIM: 190120 KEGG: hsa:7067 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000264637 UniGene: Hs.724
Associated Diseases	Hypothyroidism, congenital, non-goitrous, 6 (CHNG6)

Gene Functions References

Thyroid receptors (TRalpha and TRbeta) are major components of the thyroid hormone pathway which is linked to neuronal development. PMID: 28856816
overview of the clinical features together with the underlying molecular mechanisms in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone due to heterozygous mutations in TRalpha (Review). PMID: 28527577
We found that the thyroid hormone receptor (TRalpha 3) has a differential expression profile. Thyroid hormone is critical for normal brain development. Our results showed that there is a possible link between IGF1/IGF1R and the TRalpha 3 and that over expression of IGF1R in RTT cells may be the cause of neurites improvement in neural RTT-derived neurons. PMID: 28007906
This large case series underlines the variation in the clinical phenotype of RTHalpha patients. PMID: 27144938
THRA predominates in multipotent human adipose derived stem cells (hADSC) whereas THRB is expressed at lower levels and is upregulated during hADSC differentiation. PMID: 27732649
The expression of thyroid receptor alpha is linked to fertility status. PMID: 26715425
8 different THRA gene abnormalities have been described in 14 patients from 9 families with phenotypes including short stature, dysmorphic syndrome, psychoneuromotor disorders, constipation and bradycardia. Review. PMID: 26585273
The current study aimed to investigate whether TRs may be specifically expressed in BRCA1 associated cancer cases. PMID: 26029931
THRA mutations may be more common than expected. In patients with clinical symptoms of mild hypothyreosis without confirmation in endocrine studies, a molecular study of THRA defects is strongly recommended. PMID: 25670821
Thyroid hormone receptor (TRalpha1) is shown to occur and determine postischemic remodeling and cardiac recovery depending on the availability of TH. [review] PMID: 25501869
Data suggest thyroid hormone resistance syndrome can be exhibited by patients with heterozygous missense mutation (Ala263Val) in THRA1 and THRA2, isoforms resulting from alternative splicing. [CASE REPORT] PMID: 24969835
THRalpha rs939348 polymorphism was associated with L-T4 dose and central obesity among hypothyroid patients. PMID: 25079464
Thyroid hormone signalling may be important in a proportion of breast cancers and THRalpha2 expression may be a regulator of signalling in this pathway. PMID: 25542270
substantial reduction in the protein expression profile of THRs in malignant versus nonmalignant mammary epithelium suggesting a possible role in breast cancer development. PMID: 24162265
A new x-ray crystallographic structure of thyroid hormone receptor ligand-binding domains shows a second binding site for thyroid hormones. PMID: 24552590
Transactivation of reporter genes in response to T4 thyroid hormone was dependent on the thyroid hormone receptor subtypes in human cells. PMID: 24673558
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha mutation is associated with a severe and thyroxine-resistant skeletal dysplasia. PMID: 24914936
TRalpha1 and TRbeta1, preferentially partner with distinct panels of auxiliary proteins. PMID: 24325866
THRA gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity development. This is a novel observation linking the THRA locus to metabolic phenotypes. PMID: 23399772
Mutations affecting THRA are not a common cause of high BMD in healthy euthyroid post-menopausal women. PMID: 24480136
Adult female with defective TRalpha defines a shared phenotype in TRalpha-mediated resistance to thyroid hormone, with differential tissue responses to T4 treatment. PMID: 23940126
Studies indicate that thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta (TRTHRA and THRB) genes mutations has been identified in thyroid tumours. PMID: 23271024
Data from 2 patients (daughter; father) from Greece with frameshift mutation in exon 9 of TRalpha1 (F397fs406X) resulting in new type of thyroid hormone resistance suggest that some symptoms are improved with levothyroxine treatment, others are not. PMID: 23633213
thyroid hormone receptor action varies by subtype and could could influence physiologic and pharmacologic responses to THs and selective TR modulators (STRMs) PMID: 23300972
IGFBP-3 interacts with TRalpha1 and inhibits triiodothyronine responsive gene transcription. PMID: 21529443
conjugation of SUMO to TR has a TR-isoform preference and is important for T3-dependent gene induction and repression. PMID: 22930759
Thyroid hormone receptor-alpha/NR1D1 polymorphisms were not associated with baseline characteristics, including serum TSH and free thyroxine. None of the polymorphisms were associated with bone mineral density or osteoporotic fractures. PMID: 22224817
Our data indicates that the IGFBP-6 can interact with thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 and interfere with heterodimer formation with retinoid x receptor PMID: 21997736
our study showed associations between the THRA rs939348 polymorphism and systolic blood pressure and the risk of hypertension but not with coronary heart disease. PMID: 21654857
TR mutations from renal clear cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma may play tissue-specific roles in carcinogenesis. PMID: 21622534
Differential interaction of NCoR1 with TR isoforms accounted for the TR isoform-dependent regulation of adipogenesis and that aberrant interaction of NCoR1 with TR could underlie the pathogenesis of lipid disorders in hypothyroidism. PMID: 21389087
investigation of association/dissociation kinetics for recombinant TRalpha and ligand (125I-T3) PMID: 21508093
The relationship between the genetic variability of the THRA gene and Alzheimer disease risk remains uncertain but cannot be entirely excluded. PMID: 19427062
Results highlight v-ErbA's complex mode of action: the oncoprotein is highly mobile and trafficks between the nucleus, cytoplasm, and aggresome, carrying out distinct activities within each compartment. PMID: 21075170
We found TSHR, TRalpha1, TRalpha2 and TRbeta1 mRNA and proteins expressed in human endometrium PMID: 20691434
Patients with non-septic shock non-thyroidal illness syndrome show decreased expression of thyroid hormone receptors THRalpha1 and THRbeta in skeletal muscle. PMID: 20736347
The natural TH 3,5,3'-triodothyroacetic acid (Triac) exhibits a previously unrecognized mechanism of TRbeta selectivity. PMID: 19926848
The presence of TRs in the penis provides the biological basis for the direct action of thyroid hormones on this organ. PMID: 20141582
Data suggest that CDK8 plays an important coactivator role in thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-dependent transcription by promoting Pol II recruitment and activation at TR target gene promoters. PMID: 20231357
A bioassay to evaluate the thyroid disrupting potential of industrial chemical using human TRalpha or TRbeta in S. cerevisiae is described. PMID: 19853653
Genes for TR-alpha were differentially expressed in subcutaneous vs. omental adipose tissue. Findings suggest that TR alpha1 could contribute to SC adipose tissue expandability in obese subjects. PMID: 19360007
A conserved lysine in the thyroid hormone receptor-alpha1 DNA-binding domain, mutated in hepatocellular carcinoma, is an allosteric sensor for transcription and contribute to neoplastic disease. PMID: 20053725
analysis of isoform-specific transcriptional activity of overlapping target genes that respond to thyroid hormone receptors alpha1 and beta1 PMID: 19628582
TR expression in human haematopoietic cells depends on thyroid function status, both hypo- and hyperthyroidism significantly influence clonogenicity and induce apoptosis in CD34(+)-enriched stem cells PMID: 19903799
neurodevelopmental functions of thyroid hormone signaling. PMID: 11861164
affected receptor amino acid sequences. lost their trans-activation function and exhibited dominant negative activity. PMID: 11889175
Our results reveal specific alterations in the expression of TRbeta and TRalpha genes in a subset of breast cancer patients, suggesting that deregulation of thyroid hormone target genes may be involved in the generation of this neoplasia. PMID: 12082618
Less aggressive thyroid cancer was found to be linked to increased thyroid hormone receptor-alpha1 expression and an expanded THRA1 microsatellite. PMID: 12231529
allosteric changes resulting from binding of T3Ralpha to different response elements, i.e. pHREs versus nHREs, dictate whether a cofactor will function as a coactivator or a corepressor PMID: 12388540
the nTRE (negative thyroid hormone response element) is responsible for binding of thyroid hormone receptor alpha to the promoter in HeLa cells PMID: 12878587

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.