Synthetic Human Macrophage inflammatory Protein 5 (Animal Free)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-2432P

Synthetic Human Macrophage inflammatory Protein 5 (Animal Free)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-2432P
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Product Overview

Host Species Human
Accession Q16663
Synonym C-C motif chemokine 15 C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 CC chemokine 3 CCL15 CCL15(29-92) CCL15_HUMAN Chemokine (C C motif) ligand 15 Chemokine CC-2 Chemokine CC2 HCC-2 HCC2 HMRP 2B HMRP2B Leukotactin 1 Leukotactin-1 LKN-1 LKN1 Macrophage inflammatory protein 5 MIP 1D MIP-1 delta MIP-1D MIP-5 MIP1 delta MIP1d MIP5 MRP 2B Mrp-2b Mrp2b NCC 3 NCC-3 NCC3 New CC chemokine 3 OTTHUMP00000163955 SCYA15 SCYL3 Small inducible cytokine A15 Small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys Cys), member 15 Small-inducible cytokine A15 SY15
Description Synthetic Human Macrophage inflammatory Protein 5 (Animal Free) was expressed in Synthetic. It is a Full length protein
Source Synthetic
AA Sequence Pyr-FINDAETEL MMSKLPLENP VVLNSFHFAADCCTSYISQS IPCSLMKSYF ETSSECSKPGVIFLTKKGRQ VCAKPSGPGV QDCMKKLKPYSI
Molecular Weight 10 kDa
Endotoxin < 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation Lyophilised
Stability The recombinant protein samples are stable for up to 12 months at -80°C
Reconstitution See related COA
Unit Definition For Research Use Only
Storage Buffer Shipped at 4°C. Store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.

Target Details

Target Function Chemotactic factor that attracts T-cells and monocytes, but not neutrophils, eosinophils, or B-cells. Acts mainly via CC chemokine receptor CCR1. Also binds to CCR3. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are more potent chemoattractants than the small-inducible cytokine A15.
Subcellular Location Secreted.
Protein Families Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family
Database References
Tissue Specificity Most abundant in heart, skeletal muscle and adrenal gland. Lower levels in placenta, liver, pancreas and bone marrow. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are found in high levels in synovial fluids from rheumatoid patients.

Gene Functions References

  1. CCL15 secreted from SMAD4-deficient xenografted human colorectal cancer cells recruited CCR1(+) cells, promoting their metastatic activities to the lung. Lung metastases from colorectal cancer patients revealed that CCL15 expression correlated with loss of SMAD4. CCL15-positive metastases recruited approximately 1.9 times more numbers of CCR1(+) cells than CCL15-negative metastases. PMID: 27492974
  2. CCL15 activation of CCR1 plays critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. PMID: 26501423
  3. Orthotopic animal models of HCC were established to investigate the role of CCL15 in hMSCs migration toward HCC in vivo. Both histological and flow cytometric analysis showed that significantly fewer hMSCs localized within 97H-CCL15-shRNA xenografts compared with 97H-green fluorescent protein xenografts after intravenous delivery PMID: 26763650
  4. Loss of SMAD4 was significantly associated with CCL15 expression. PMID: 26341919
  5. follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) might induce tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration by producing CCL15. Measurement of TAMs and CCL15 in follicular thyroid lesions may be applied clinically to differentiate FTC from follicular adenoma PMID: 26875556
  6. two inflammatory cytokines, MIP-1delta and MIP-3alpha, are able to increase mesenchymal stromal cells migration in vitro PMID: 25579056
  7. we investigated a role of CCL15 in upregulating ICAM-1 in endothelial cells PMID: 23690481
  8. CCL15 is elevated in human asthma and correlates with disease severity . PMID: 22092970
  9. Data show that Only three of these proteins EGF, PDGF-BB and MIP-1delta (CCL15) differed significantly in plasma between controls and Alzheimer's disease (AD). PMID: 22279551
  10. increased secretion by macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection PMID: 20016943
  11. truncation of NH2-terminal amino acid residues increases agonistic potency on CC chemokine receptors 1 and 3 PMID: 11832479
  12. Lkn-1 activates the ERK pathway by transducing the signal through G(i)/G(o) protein, PLC, PKC delta and Ras, and it may play a role for cell proliferation, differentiation, and regulation of gene expression for other cellular processes PMID: 12759139
  13. These observations demonstrate that the two NF-kappaB binding sites are essential for phorbol myristate acetate-induced leukotactin-1 (Lkn-1)/CCL15 expression in human monocytes. PMID: 15179048
  14. CCL15(25-92) has in vitro and in vivo angiogenic activity PMID: 15251437
  15. alanine-aspartic acid residues preceding the first cysteine at the NH(2)-terminus are essential for the binding and biological activity of leukotactin-1 PMID: 15894113
  16. Compared with full-length CCL15, proteolytically processed CCL15 isoforms with N-terminal deletions display increased potency to induce calcium fluxes and chemotactic activity on monocytes and to induce adhesiveness of mononuclear cells to fibronectin. PMID: 16034099
  17. Transcription of the CCL15 gene is regulated by AP-1 and NF-kappaB through MEK and JNK MAPK pathways in monocytoid cells. PMID: 16364464
  18. Results point to an involvement of the CCL15-CCR1 axis in the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure. PMID: 16737685
  19. factor NF-kappaB plays an important role in regulation of LZIP expression, and LZIP expression regulates the monocyte cell migration induced by Lkn-1 PMID: 17296613

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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