Recombinant Human CD16a Protein (176 Val, His & AVI Tag), Biotinylated

Collections: Avi-tagged proteins, Biotinylated proteins, Cluster of differentiation (cd) proteins, Fc receptors, Featured biotinylated protein molecules, Featured cd protein molecules, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	His&AVI
Host Species	Human
Accession	AAH17865.1
Synonym	CD16, CD16A, Fc gamma RIIIa, FCG3, FCGR3, FCGRIII, FCR-10, FCRIII, FCRIIIA, IGFR3, IMD20
Background	The Fc receptor with low affinity for IgG (FCGR3, or CD16) is encoded by 2 nearly identical genes, FCGR3A and FCGR3B, resulting in tissue-specific expression of alternative membrane-anchored isoforms. FCGR3A, it is also known as CD16a, encodes a transmembrane protein expressed on activated monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and a subset of T cells.CD16a / FCGR3A is a receptor expressed on NK cells that facilitates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc portion of various antibodies. CD16a / FCGR3A also has a broader function. CD16a / FCGR3A is directly involved in the lysis of some virus-infected cells and tumor cells by NK cells, independent of antibody binding. Cross-linking of CD16a / FCGR3A on NK cells resulted in increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and a cascade of biochemical events similar to those activated by the T cell receptor. CD16a / FCGR3A on human NK cells is a lysis receptor that mediates the direct killing of some virus infected and tumor cells, independent of antibody ligation.
Description	A DNA sequence encoding the extracellular domain (Met 1-Gln 208) of human CD16a (AAH17865.1) was fused with a c-terminal His tagged AVI tag at the C-terminus. The expressed protein was biotinylated in vivo by the Biotin-Protein ligase (BirA enzyme) which is co-expressed. It is identical to FCGR3A158F/V in the reference.
Source	HEK293
Predicted N Terminal	Gly 17
AA Sequence	Met 1-Gln 208
Molecular Weight	The secreted recombinant human CD16a consists of 227 a.a. and predicts a molecular mass of 25.6 KDa. By SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular mass of the protein is approximately 48 KDa due to glycosylation.
Purity	>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Bioactivity	1. Measured by its ability to bind recombinant human IgG1 in a functional ELISA.2. Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized human CD16a-AVI-His at 10 ug/ml (100ul/well) can bind recombinant human IgG1 (Fc) with a linear range of 0.31-5 ug/ml.3. Labeling ratio of biotin to protein: 1.5
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4.
Stability	The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store the protein under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Receptor for the Fc region of IgG. Binds complexed or aggregated IgG and also monomeric IgG. Mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and other antibody-dependent responses, such as phagocytosis.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Secreted. Note=Exists also as a soluble receptor.
Database References	HGNC: 3619 OMIM: 146740 KEGG: hsa:2214 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000356946 UniGene: Hs.372679
Associated Diseases	Immunodeficiency 20 (IMD20)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed on natural killer cells, macrophages, subpopulation of T-cells, immature thymocytes and placental trophoblasts.

Gene Functions References

Conditioned media or microparticles released from obese omental adipose tissue increased CD16 and CCR5 expression on CD14(+)CD16(-) monocytes and augmented their migratory capacity towards the conditioned media from obese omental adipose tissue, itself. PMID: 27677832
results showed no association between FCGR3A 158V/F alleles and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus PMID: 27914599
High CD16(+) Monocyte is associated with Acute Rejection after Liver Transplantation. PMID: 29970436
The analysis of Fc gamma receptor FCgammaRIIIA 158 V/f gene polymorphism showed that all 100 immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients carry the wild FcgammaRIIIa (FF) genotype. PMID: 28856973
CD16- monocyte subsets are upregulated in systemic lupus erythematous patients and may have a role in pathogenesis and development of this disease PMID: 28821990
CD16 expression and morphological maturity of neutrophils are associated with higher iron ferritin levels in major beta-thalassemia. PMID: 29729700
we propose a system of FCGR3A regulation in human NK cells in which CpG dinucleotide sequences and concurrent DNA methylation confer developmental and cell type-specific transcriptional regulation, whereas miR-218 provides an additional layer of posttranscriptional regulation during the maturation process. PMID: 29229679
The study revealed that CD16-CD68-expressing macrophages appear to participate in ureteral neoplastic transformation. PMID: 29243545
FCGR3A V158F polymorphism seems to be associated with anti-drug antibodies production against monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and it could be taken into account when considering the dose and type of anti-TNF in inflammatory bowel diseases patients. PMID: 29333082
The study first identified that CNVs in the FCGR3A gene were associated with the risk of gout, and the CNV in the locus showed different distributions of frequency between gout patients and healthy subjects, particularly the frequency of the high FCGR3A copy number variant. PMID: 28405828
Affimer proteins inhibit immune complex binding to FcgammaRIIIa with high specificity through competitive and allosteric modes of action. PMID: 29247053
analysis of the assembly and surface expression of FcepsilonR1alpha in cells shows that CD16A associates equally well with human CD247 and FcepsilonR1gamma homodimers PMID: 28652325
low copy numbers of FCGR2A and FCGR3B to be common risk factors for systemic lupus nephritis (SLE) and ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis (AASV). PMID: 28355982
Memory-like differentiation resulted in enhanced IFN-gamma production triggered by leukemia targets or FcgammaRIIIa ligation within licensed NK cells, which exhibited the highest functionality of the NK cell subsets interrogated. PMID: 27894857
We developed a semi-mechanistic model including a target-mediated elimination component that accurately described rituximab PK in patients with CLL. This allowed us to show for the first time an influence of a baseline count of target antigen and the FCGR3A-158V/F polymorphism on rituximab target-mediated elimination. PMID: 27783363
FCGR3A-V158F polymorphism could be a specific marker for response to anti-TNFalpha therapy in psoriasis patients. PMID: 27044681
The FCGR3A V allele correlated with the occurrence of late-onset neutropenia following rituximab treatment in patients with rheumatic diseases PMID: 28270182
association between the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of adalimumab, an IgG reagent, in combination with FcgammaRIIIa -158V/F polymorphism (rs396991) PMID: 28913867
CXCR7 mediates CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte transmigration across the blood brain barrier, and is a potential therapeutic target for neuro AIDS. PMID: 28754798
KIR/HLA-C complex and CD16A (48H/R/L,158V/F) gene polymorphisms in 52 colorectal cancer patients and 61 local healthy controls, are reported.. PMID: 27519478
These data suggest a role for FcgammaRIIIa-pSyk cosignaling in modulating NA-TLR responses in human CD4(+) T cells by affecting the amounts and cellular distribution. These events are important for understanding of autoimmune pathology. PMID: 28500073
This study demonstrated that no association between FCGR3A polymorphisms in Guillain-Barre Syndrome in a Brazilian population. PMID: 27609290
Intermediate CD14++CD16+monocytes might be closely related to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and reflect functional remodelling of the left atrium. PMID: 26826137
Association between FcgammaRIIIa genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe malaria anemia in children in western Kenya. PMID: 28427365
FcgammaRIII3a-131H allele has a protective role in autoantibody production in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID: 28112584
used a combination of NMR and 1 mus all-atom computational simulations to identify unexpected contacts between the N45 N-glycan and CD16A polypeptide residues PMID: 28613884
We conclude that FCGR3A CNVs are a major risk factor for female sarcoidosis and FCGR3B CNVs may also affect the development of sarcoidosis. PMID: 27059607
FcgammaRIIIa V allele-restricted pathological complete response benefit from neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus lapatinib in HER2+ breast cancer. PMID: 27378608
CD16+ cells were significantly more frequent among Natural Killer (NK) cells negative for the inhibitory KIR (iKIR) KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3, and KIR3DL1 than those positive for any one of these iKIR to the exclusion of the others, making iKIR+ NK cells poorer antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity effectors than iKIR- NK cells. PMID: 27732638
The association of CD16a-inducible NK cell-selective transcripts CD160 and XCL1 with kidney biopsies with antibody-mediated rejection provides evidence for NK cell CD16a activation in AMR. PMID: 27906829
expression of FcgammaR was not different between immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and controls; the FCGR3A (158V/F) polymorphism, known to increase the affinity of FcgammaRIII to IgG, was over-represented in ITP patients PMID: 28142207
Increased fraction of CD16(high) CD62L(dim) neutrophils was shown to correlate with an increased survival rate. PMID: 28247912
Trastuzumab acidic variants had lesser binding to oncogene protein HER-2 (HER2) in comparison to the basic variants, and both acidic and basic variant showed no significant changes in their binding to soluble CD16a receptors. PMID: 28087106
this study shows that FcgammaR single nucleotide polymorphisms are predisposing factors for urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation PMID: 28315348
FCGR3A expression is significantly upregulated in human masticatory mucosa during wound healing PMID: 28005267
this study shows that genetic polymorphisms located within an enhancer FCGR3A influence NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity PMID: 27338556
CD16a resided in Kupffer cells, and it contributed to the inhibition of the growth of liver tumor cells. PMID: 27082928
FcgammaRIIIA allelic distribution was similar among pediatric Guillain-Barre syndrome patients and controls. PMID: 27064330
Anti-platelet drugs exert an immunomodulatory action by counteracting CD14(high)CD16(+) monocyte increase under pro-inflammatory conditions, with this effect being dependent on the amplitude of P-selectin reduction. PMID: 27118470
analysis of natural killer cell markers in renal transplantation that have roles in acute rejection reveals that CD56 and CD57 are increased in the interstitial compartment in donor-specific antibody (DSA)-negative biopsies from patients with acute antibody-mediated rejection without C4d, and CD16 is increased in the glomerular compartment in DSA-positive biopsies PMID: 26615051
Studies suggest that the Fc gamma receptor IIIA (FCGR3A) 158 V/F polymorphism can predict the treatment response to rituximab-based chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. PMID: 27431582
The incidences of the FCGR3A-158 variants VV, VF, and FF for nine patients with relapse were 0 (0 %), 8 (89 %), and 1 (11 %) compared to 13 (11 %), 61 (52 %), and 44 (37 %) in the 118 patients without relapse. PMID: 27376362
Of 36 DLBCL patients, the distributions of F/F, V/F, and V/V types of alleles of FcgammaRIIIA were 25%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. The overall survival in the F/F allele group was found to be lower than in the other 2 groups, but the overall response rates were similar for all groups. PMID: 26316483
Lower copy numbers ( PMID: 26494566
This metaanalysis indicates that polymorphisms in the pathways of immune complex clearance, such as the FcgammaRIIIa, FcgammaRIIIb, and ITGAM genotypes, are potential susceptibility genes for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 26773105
Data suggest a mechanism for the increased affinity of GASDALIE Fc for Fc receptor FcgammaRIIIa. PMID: 26850169
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of FCGR3A gene is associated with bloodstream infections After Liver Transplantation. PMID: 26517570
These results suggest that the structure and expression of the CD16 molecule differs among FcgammaRIIIa-V158F genotypes, and the FcgammaRIIIa-V158F polymorphism may be represent a haplotype with other SNPs in regulatory regions in Japanese subjects. PMID: 26582002
our method allows determining the CNV status of the FCGR locus, we identified association of CNV in FCGR3B to RA and showed a functional relationship between CNV in the FCGR3A gene and CD16A expression. PMID: 25966632
KRAS wild chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients with genotype FF of V158F can benefit from cetuximab based therapy PMID: 26363448

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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