Recombinant Human BCA1 Protein

Collections: Chemokines and receptors, Cytokines and growth factors, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Synonym	C-X-C motif chemokine 13, Small-inducible cytokine B13, B lymphocyte chemoattractant, CXC chemokine BLC, CXCL13, BCA1, BCA-1, CXCL-13, B cell Attracting Chemokine-1, BLC, ANGIE, BLR1L, SCYB13, ANGIE2.
Background	BCA-1 is a CXC chemokine that is highly expressed in thesecondary lymphoid organs, such as follicles of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. CXCL13 promotes the migration of B lymphocytes (compared to T cells and macrophages), by stimulating calcium influx into, and chemotaxis of, cells expressing Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1). BCA1 therefore function in the homing of B lymphocytes to follicles. Human BCA-1 shares a 64% amino acid sequence similarity with the mouse protein and 23 - 34% amino acid sequence identity with other known CXC chemokines. Recombinant or chemically synthesized BCA1 is a potent chemoattractant for B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes, monocytes or neutrophils. BLR1, a G protein-coupled receptor originally isolated from Burkitt's lymphoma cells, has now been shown to be the specific receptor for BCA1. Among cells of the hematopoietic lineages, the expression of BLR-1, now designated CXCR-5, is restricted to B lymphocytes and a subpopulation of T helper memory cells.
Description	CXCL13 Human Recombinant expressed in E.Coli is a single,non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 87a.a. and having a molecular weight of 10.3 kDa. The BCA-1 is purified by unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
AA Sequence	VLEVYYTSLRCRCVQESSVFIPRRFIDRIQILPRGNG CPRKEIIVWKKNKSIVCVDPQAEWIQRMMEVLRKR SSSTLPVPVFKRKIP.
Purity	>97.0% as determined by:(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin	<1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.
Bioactivity	Determined by its ability to chemoattract human B cells using a concentration range of 1-10ng/ml corresponding to a Specific Activity of 100,000-1,000,000IU/mg.
Formulation	The BCA-1 protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (0.5mg/ml) solution containing 20mM PBS & 150mM NaCl pH-7.4.
Stability	Recombinant protein is stable for 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Lyophilized BCA1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution BCA1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Chemotactic for B-lymphocytes but not for T-lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Does not induce calcium release in B-lymphocytes. Binds to BLR1/CXCR5.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family
Database References	HGNC: 10639 OMIM: 605149 KEGG: hsa:10563 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000286758 UniGene: Hs.100431
Tissue Specificity	Highest levels in liver, followed by spleen, lymph node, appendix and stomach. Low levels in salivary gland, mammary gland and fetal spleen.

Gene Functions References

CXCL13 is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis. PMID: 30083887
We found a strong association of CXCL13 rs355689*C allele with essential hypertension under additive (OR 0.56, PFDR = 0.008) and dominant (OR 0.41, PFDR 4.38 x 10- 4) genetic model. Our results indicate that CXCL13 rs355689 polymorphism is strongly associated with essential hypertension in the ethnic group of Tatars from Russia. PMID: 30019153
High CXCL13 expression was associated with larger tumor diameter and shorter OS. By multivariate analysis, CXCL13 expression was associated with OS independently from clinicopathological factors. PMID: 29085997
IL-17 enhances the migration of B cells during asthma by inducing CXCL13 chemokine production in structural lung cells. PMID: 27639935
the findings of the present study indicated that the noninvasive investigation of urinary CXCL13/Cr may be valuable for the detection of AR, particularly antibodymediated rejection . In addition, high urinary CXCL13/Cr levels predicted a poor response to steroid treatment and compromised graft function PMID: 29956754
CXCL13 seems to be a useful marker of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus, but not in cutaneous lupus erythematosus or chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. PMID: 29728857
Serum level of CXCL13 is associated with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus but does not seem to be a biomarker for arthritis. PMID: 29338586
Serum CXCL13 positivity was found to be associated with oral symptoms, ocular signs and hyperglobulinemia in Asian Indian patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 29541901
we found that CXCL13 indeed has a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing LNB, which means that it can be used as a new diagnostic biomarker for the diagnosis of LNB. PMID: 28972436
the elevated concentrations of CXCL13, CXCL8, and CXCL10 or their increasing CSF/serum ratios may be potential biomarkers of neurosyphilis PMID: 27650493
CXCL13 is a highly sensitive and specific CSF marker that helps to differentiate Lyme neuroborreliosis from other central nervous system disorders in children. PMID: 28859668
Study suggested that maternal rs355687 variant in CXCL13 gene was associated with decreased risk of HBV intrauterine infection compared to those with CC genotypes. PMID: 27212637
Elevations in serum MDC and BLC were independently associated with the significant risk of early stage lung adenocarcinoma, even in non-smokers and in stage IA patients. PMID: 27811371
Studied CSF levels of B-lymphocyte Chemoattractant CXCL13 in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), and found CSF CXCL13 levels were substantially higher in children with LNB compared with children with other diagnoses. PMID: 28661964
This study indicated that CXCL13 may be pathogenically involved in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and served as a potential new biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in CDI. PMID: 27685937
This study indicated that CXCL13 rather than IL-31 may have clinical values of diagnosis and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 27663978
CXCL13/CXCR5 mediated the aggregation of B cells, that directed the aberrant humoral immune responses via the formation of ectopic germinal centers, which suggests a molecular mechanism of neurological damage in neurosyphilis. PMID: 28931218
High CXCL13 expression is associated with B-cell Lymphoma. PMID: 28108506
CCL21 and CXCL13 levels are increased in the minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 27782867
we demonstrate that PKCepsilon cooperates with the loss of the tumor suppressor Pten for the development of prostate cancer in a mouse model. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PKCe overexpression and Pten loss individually and synergistically upregulate the production of the chemokine CXCL13, which involves the transcriptional activation of the CXCL13 gene PMID: 28402859
During remission, serum CXCL13 and BAFF levels have not decreased to normal in neuromyelitis optica patients, and B-cell-related autoimmune response persists. Immunosuppressive therapy decreased serum BAFF levels, but did not affect CXCL13 expression. PMID: 28413701
This study suggested that increased serum levels of CXCL13 might be involved in renal ectopic lymphoid tissue (ELT)formation and renal impairment process in lupus nephritis. PMID: 27990444
CXCL13 mRNA expression and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in the brain from temporal lobe epilepsy patients. PMID: 27873133
CXCL13 could be a potential biomarker for predicting recurrence in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy. PMID: 26517519
was overexpressed in pulmonary vascular lesions of patients with IPAH and CTEPH, and increased serum concentrations were found in patients with IPAH and CTEPH, suggesting a potential pathogenic role of CXCL13 in both diseases. PMID: 26927848
Findings suggest the potential use of chemokine CXCL13 as a plasma biomarker of germinal centers (GCs) activity in vaccine trials and other clinical settings. PMID: 26908875
Aqueous humor concentration of CXCL13 is correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal subjects. PMID: 26121407
Serum CXCL10 and CXCL13 levels may serve as clinical markers and contribute to the inflammatory response, especially skin manifestations thereof, in adult-onset Still's disease PMID: 26385705
findings reveal a neuronal/astrocytic interaction in the spinal cord by which neuronally produced CXCL13 activates astrocytes via CXCR5 to facilitate neuropathic pain. PMID: 26752644
Gene encoding CXCL13 was identified as being upregulated and found to be negatively correlated with survival over 3-year follow-up period in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID: 26109466
Therefore, CSF CXCL13 concentrations could improve the diagnosis of ANS in HIV-infected patients PMID: 25769888
In the presence of endometriosis, proliferative-phase endometrial expression of CXCL13 markedly increased. PMID: 25031316
CXCL13 and CCL4 could act as circulating biomarkers in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and higher plasma soluble TNFRII might favor the diagnosis of SLE-related instead of primary AIHA. PMID: 25889297
This is the first to indicate the clinical relevance of CXCL13 to young breast cancer and represents a potential therapeutic target for young breast cancer. PMID: 25990390
Findings demonstrate a link between CXCL13 and primary Sjogren's syndrome disease activity and lymphoma. PMID: 26359802
CXCL13 plays an important role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 26161394
a direct target of IRF5 resulting in the enhanced recruitment of B and T cells to IRF5-positive tumor-conditioned media PMID: 25533286
CXCL13 might predict survival outcomes in patients with extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma PMID: 25966773
our findings suggest that CXCL13-CXCR5 axis promotes the growth, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells, probably via PI3K/AKT pathway PMID: 25476740
CXCL13 up-regulation may be differently linked to the development of primary central nervous system lymphomas and to the accumulation of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes. PMID: 25433721
marked elevations of serum CXCL13 levels resided nearly completely within the seropositive population of rheumatoid arthritis patients PMID: 24766912
In primary biliary cirrhosis, CXCL13 promotes aggregation of CD19(+) B cells and CXCR5(+) CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 25627620
CSF CXCL13 levels correlated with CSF cell count, total protein, IgG Index and with the presence of CSF IgG and IgM oligoclonal bands. PMID: 26004159
Data indicate that patients with high baseline plasma C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) levels had an improved chance of remission after 2 years. PMID: 25249397
After validation in larger patient groups, CXCR5 and CXCL13 may prove useful as biomarkers for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma Correspondingly, blockade of this axis could serve as an effective therapy for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. PMID: 25271023
Data show that chemokine CXCL13 production by monocytes required toll-like receptor 7 activation and secretion of interferon-alpha. PMID: 25667414
Myofibroblast activation and CXCL13 expression also occur in the normal prostate after androgen deprivation, and CXCL13 is expressed by myofibroblasts in human prostate cancer. PMID: 25267627
The study confirms the relevance of CXCL13 as a diagnostic biomarker of neuroborreliosis and suggests that CSF CXCL13 in NB is linked to duration of disease PMID: 19965843
overexpressed in myasthenia gravis thymus PMID: 24393484
highly significant stepwise progressive increase in CXCL 13 level was recorded through controls, inactive SLE and active disease (P < 0.01). Moreover, it correlated positively with SLEDAI and proteinuria (P < 0.01). PMID: 25812350

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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