Recombinant Human VSNL1 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human VSNL1 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-4913PS
Availability: InStock

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Synonym	VISL1, VISL-1, VIS1, VIS-1, VILIP, HLP3, Hippocalcin-like protein 3, VSNL1, VILIP-1, VILIP1, HLP-3, HPCAL3, HUVISL1, Visinin-like protein 1.
Background	VSNL1 is a member of the visinin/recoverin subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor proteins. VILIP1 is strongly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum where it associates with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner and modulates intracellular signaling pathways of the central nervous system by directly or indirectly regulating the activity of adenylyl cyclase. Changes in cellular expression of VSNL1 were found in hipppocampi of schizophrenics, since more interneurons showed immunoreactivity. VILIP1 is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells. VILIP-1 interacts with cell membrane and actin-based cytoskeleton. VSNL1 modulates cAMP-accumulation in C6 glioma cells. HLP3 modulates cGMP-accumulation in transfected neural cells and cerebellar granule neurons.
Description	VSNL1 Human Recombinant expressed in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 191a.a. (1-191 a.a.) and having a molecular weight of 22.1kDa.The VSNL1 is purified by unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
AA Sequence	MGKQNSKLAP EVMEDLVKST EFNEHELKQW YKGFLKDCPS GRLNLEEFQQ LYVKFFPYGD ASKFAQHAFR TFDKNGDGTI DFREFICALS ITSRGSFEQK LNWAFNMYDL DGDGKITRVE MLEIIEAIYK MVGTVIMMKM NEDGLTPEQR VDKIFSKMDK NKDDQITLDE FKEAAKSDPS IVLLLQCDIQ K.
Purity	>95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin	<1.0 EU per μg by the LAL method.
Formulation	The VSNL1 protein solution contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 1mM DTT and 10% glycerol.
Stability	Recombinant protein is stable for 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Regulates (in vitro) the inhibition of rhodopsin phosphorylation in a calcium-dependent manner.
Protein Families	Recoverin family
Database References	HGNC: 12722 OMIM: 600817 KEGG: hsa:7447 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000295156 UniGene: Hs.444212
Tissue Specificity	Brain and retina. Neuron-specific in the central and peripheral nervous system. Increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer disease patients (at protein level).

Gene Functions References

Underexpression of VSNL1 is associated with glioblastoma multiforme. PMID: 26683098
These data indicate that VILIP-1 alone or in combination with other AD CSF biomarkers represent a valuable marker for the early diagnosis of AD, recognition of MCI patients at higher risk to develop dementia, and in differentiating AD from LBD. PMID: 26836160
These findings suggest a unique role for cerebrospinal fluid Vilip-1 as a biomarker of entorhinal cortex neuron loss in Alzheimer disease PMID: 26769253
The results suggest that both serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of VILIP-1 may be one of predictive markers of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures. PMID: 24075506
We show for the first time that the C-terminus of VILIP-1, containing Cys187, might represent a novel redox-sensitive motif and that VILIP-1 dimerization and aggregation are hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis PMID: 24742816
Results show that in the presence of calcium, N-myristoylation significantly increases the kinetic rate of VILIP adsorption to the membrane. PMID: 25019684
The results showed that the CSF VILIP-1 level had significantly increased in Alzheimer disease patients compared with both normal controls and Lewy body dementia patients. PMID: 23800322
SNPs upstream of SLC2A9 and within VSNL1 showed strongest evidence for association with AD + P when compared with controls. PMID: 22005930
VSNL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and pathological changes in VILIP-1 protein expression, possibly occurring during brain development, may contribute to the morphological and functional deficits observed in schizophrenia. PMID: 22832524
Patients with high VSNL-1 expression had significantly poorer prognosis than those with low expression in stage III disease PMID: 22052372
The findings suggest that CSF VILIP-1 and VILIP-1/Abeta42 predict rates of global cognitive decline similarly to tau and tau/Abeta42, and may be useful CSF surrogates for neurodegeneration in early Alzheimer disease. PMID: 22357717
VSNL1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of aldosterone-producing adenomas harboring mutations in the potassium channel KCNJ5 via its antiapoptotic function in response to calcium cytotoxicity and its effect on aldosterone production. PMID: 22331379
Data suggest that CSF VILIP-1 and VILIP-1/Abeta42 offer diagnostic utility for early AD, and can predict future cognitive impairment in cognitively normal individuals similarly to tau and tau/Abeta42, respectively. PMID: 21823155
VILIP-1 forms a dimer in solution independent of Ca(2+) and myristoylation. The dimerization site is composed of residues in EF4 and the loop region between EF3 and EF4, confirmed by mutagenesis. PMID: 21169352
Results show that VILIP-1 regulates the cell surface localization of natriuretic peptide receptor B. PMID: 20079378
A shift in the cellular expression of visinin-like protein 1 has been found in the hipppocampi of schizophrenics, since fewer pyramidal neurons but more interneurons show immunoreactivity. PMID: 11930147
EF-hand motifs in visinin-like protein 1 PMID: 12200122
The interaction of human VILIP1 and VILIP3 with divalent cations was explored using circular dichroism and fluorescence measurement. PMID: 16703469
VILIP-1 is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells. Increased VILIP-1 enhanced insulin secretion in a cAMP-associated manner. Down-regulation of VILIP-1 was accompanied by decreased cAMP accumulation but increased insulin gene transcription PMID: 16731532
Distinct roles of proliferative and invasive phenotypes contributing to neuroblastoma progression which demonstrates that VSNL-1 is important in neuroblastoma metastasis. PMID: 17615261
VILIP-1 expression is silenced by promoter hypermethylation and histone deacetylation in aggressive NSCLC cell lines and primary tumors PMID: 18301774
VILIP-1 and its interaction partner nicotinic receptor alpha4beta2 co-localize in morphologically identified human hippocampal interneurons, the number of which is pathologically up-regulated in schizophrenic brains. PMID: 18691652
VILIP1 constitutively binds to P2X2 receptors and displays enhanced interactions in an activation- and calcium-dependent manner owing to exposure of its binding segment in P2X2 receptors PMID: 18922787
Results report that overexpression of VILIP-1 enhances ACh responsiveness, whereas siRNA against VILIP-1 reduces alpha4beta2 nAChR currents of hippocampal neurons. PMID: 19063970
Data may imply the functional contribution of disulfide dimer to the interaction of VILIP-1 with its physiological target(s). PMID: 19065602
Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis combined with in silico transcription factor binding analysis of VSNL1 promoter identified nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1/alpha-PAL as a major player in regulating VSNL1 minimal promoter activity. PMID: 19674972
VILIP-1 modulates cAMP-accumulation in C6 glioma cells PMID: 9109541
VILIP-1 expression is associated with group I mGlu receptor-mediated plasticity in the dentate gyrus in vivo PMID: 12681369
VILIP-1 is associated with amyloid plaques and extracellular tangles in Alzheimer disease and promotes cell death and tau phosphorylation in vitro PMID: 11592857
VILIP-1 interacts with cell membrane and actin-based cytoskeleton PMID: 8780737
VILIP-1 modulates cGMP-accumulation in transfected neural cells and cerebellar granule neurons PMID: 11579136
reversibility and stimulus-dependent occurrence of a calcium-myristoyl switch of VILIP-1 in living neurons, enabling them to activate specific targets localized in distinct membrane compartments PMID: 12196554
VILIP-1 modulates the surface expression and agonist sensitivity of the alpha 4beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor PMID: 12202488

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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