Recombinant Human TPA Tissue Plasminogen Activator Protein

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-9115P

Recombinant Human TPA Tissue Plasminogen Activator Protein

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-9115P
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Product Overview

Host Species Human
Accession P00750
Synonym Alteplase DKFZp686I03148 Plasminogen activator tissue Plasminogen activator tissue type PLAT Reteplase t PA T Plasminogen Activator t-PA T-plasminogen activator Tissue plasminogen activator (t PA) Tissue type plasminogen activator Tissue-type plasminogen activator chain B tPA TPA_HUMAN TPA1
Description Recombinant Human TPA Tissue Plasminogen Activator Protein was expressed in CHO cells. It is a Full length protein
Source CHO cells
AA Sequence SYQVICRDEK TQMIYQQHQS WLRPVLRSNR VEYCWCNSGR AQCHSVPVKS CSEPRCFNGG TCQQALYFSD FVCQCPEGFA GKCCEIDTRA TCYEDQGISY RGTWSTAESG AECTNWNSSA LAQKPYSGRR PDAIRLGLGN HNYCRNPDRD SKPWCYVFKA GKYSSEFCST PACSEGNSDC YFGNGSAYRG THSLTESGAS CLPWNSMILI GKVYTAQNPS AQALGLGKHN YCRNPDGDAK PWCHVLKNRR LTWEYCDVPS CSTCGLRQYS QPQFRIKGGL FADIASHPWQ AAIFAKHRRS PGERFLCGGI LISSCWILSA AHCFQERFPP HHLTVILGRT YRVVPGEEEQ KFEVEKYIVH KEFDDDTYDN DIALLQLKSD SSRCAQESSV VRTVCLPPAD LQLPDWTECE LSGYGKHEAL SPFYSERLKE AHVRLYPSSR CTSQHLLNRT VTDNMLCAGD TRSGGPQANL HDACQGDSGG PLVCLNDGRM TLVGIISWGL GCGQKDVPGV YTKVTNYLDW IRDNMRP
Molecular Weight 59 kDa
Purity >95% SDS-PAGE.Activated from single-chain form with immobilized plasmin. 100% complex formation with Human PAI1.
Endotoxin < 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Bioactivity 3,147,288 IU/mg (Relative to WHO International Standard for Human Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator, NIBSC 98/714).
Formulation Liquid Solution
Stability The recombinant protein samples are stable for up to 12 months at -80°C
Reconstitution See related COA
Unit Definition For Research Use Only
Storage Buffer Shipped on dry ice. Upon delivery aliquot and store at -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.

Target Details

Target Function Converts the abundant, but inactive, zymogen plasminogen to plasmin by hydrolyzing a single Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. By controlling plasmin-mediated proteolysis, it plays an important role in tissue remodeling and degradation, in cell migration and many other physiopathological events. During oocyte activation, plays a role in cortical granule reaction in the zona reaction, which contributes to the block to polyspermy.
Subcellular Location Secreted, extracellular space.
Protein Families Peptidase S1 family
Database References
Associated Diseases Increased activity of TPA results in increased fibrinolysis of fibrin blood clots that is associated with excessive bleeding. Defective release of TPA results in hypofibrinolysis that can lead to thrombosis or embolism.
Tissue Specificity Synthesized in numerous tissues (including tumors) and secreted into most extracellular body fluids, such as plasma, uterine fluid, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, tears, seminal fluid, and milk.

Gene Functions References

  1. These findings provides evidence that gene-gene interactions between p11, tPA and BDNF are all associated with post stroke depression. PMID: 29028593
  2. Underexpression of Tissue plasminogen activator is associated with diabetic foot syndrome. PMID: 28193577
  3. By mediating the tPA response in macrophages, the NMDA-R provides a pathway by which the fibrinolysis system may regulate innate immunity. PMID: 28684538
  4. Data suggest that protein aggregates interact with tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen to efficiently generate plasmin; this aggregate-bound plasmin is shielded from inhibition by alpha-2-antiplasmin and degrades protein aggregates to release smaller, soluble but relatively hydrophobic peptide fragments; these fragments bind to and are cytotoxic to microglia (by not vascular endothelial cells). PMID: 28710283
  5. Altogether, this preclinical study demonstrates that the tPA present in the blood stream is a key player of the formation of intracranial aneurysms. PMID: 28754830
  6. tPA is a ligand of the N-terminal domain of the obligatory GluN1 subunit of NMDAR acting as a modulator of their dynamic distribution at the neuronal surface and subsequent signaling. PMID: 27831563
  7. t-PA binds to Lys91 in the MBP NH2-terminal region and PLGbinds to Lys122 in the MBP COOH-terminal region. This proximity promotes the activation of Pg by t-PA. PMID: 28648598
  8. local accumulation of cortisol is a causative factor for amnion epithelial apoptosis via activation of tPA/plasmin system toward the end of gestation. This may contribute to the ROM at both term and preterm birth. PMID: 27690691
  9. We identified a homozygous null mutation in PLAT that abrogated t-PA level in patient cells. This is the first reported human knockout mutation of PLAT. The apparent association with hydranencephaly, diaphragmatic hernia and postnatal lethality requires further validation. PMID: 27417437
  10. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen is a marker of cardiovascular risk. Exercise interventions associated with weight loss reduce t-PA antigen. Endurance training per se reduces t-PA antigen in healthy overweight men. PMID: 28254694
  11. we reviewed current knowledge of mechanisms by which tPA can influence brain function in physiological and pathological conditions--REVIEW} PMID: 26626577
  12. Data suggest that baseline levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, TPA, and fibrinogen or changes in these levels do not explain increased risk of diabetes type 2 in overweight women with glucose intolerance and histories of gestational diabetes. PMID: 25970741
  13. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may be a general factor in the immunological response to viruses. PMID: 26704613
  14. tPA has a role in progression of periventricular white matter hyperintensities PMID: 26942412
  15. These data indicate that oxygen-glucose deprivation-triggered Cav-1 S-nitrosylation interacts with tPA-induced ERK activation to augment MMP2 and 9 secretion and subsequent extracellular matrix degradation. PMID: 26881424
  16. tPA-dependent activation of EGFRs leads to downregulation of NMDAR signaling and to subsequent neurotrophic effects. PMID: 26469972
  17. Tissue-type plasminogen activator-binding RNA aptamers inhibiting low-density lipoprotein receptor family-mediated internalization may improve safety of thrombolytic therapy. PMID: 25855589
  18. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator therapy was associated with improved clinical outcomes without significant increase in risk of hemorrhagic complications in very old patients (aged>80 years) with acute ischemic stroke. PMID: 25329379
  19. Review: t-PA function and regulation of its pericellular activity, with an emphasis on regulation of its gene expression. PMID: 24718307
  20. data implicate MCP-1 as the key molecule governing tPA-induced fluid accumulation. The role of MCP-1 in the development of other exudative effusions warrants examination. PMID: 25474480
  21. remarkable association especially between the -1131C Apo A5 variant and increased tPA levels in asymptomatic dyslipidemic patients PMID: 24815086
  22. The results suggest roles for TLR3, TLR10, PLAT (n=2), VEGFA and DENND1B in susceptibility to chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis. PMID: 24712925
  23. shRNA-mediated silencing of PLAT in glioma-initiating cells phenocopied the effects of miR340 overexpression in vitro effects of miR340 overexpression in vitro PMID: 25627976
  24. Activation of T cells triggered a rapid, 8.4-fold up-regulation of the serine protease tissue plasminogen activator, the protease target for neuroserpin. PMID: 25670787
  25. Report tPA with a cutoff of 8.5 ng/mL has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for exclusion of pulmonary embolism. PMID: 25339163
  26. Data indicate that binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) to glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) stimulates its amidolytic activity, activation of plasminogen (Pg), and cell proliferation. PMID: 25059665
  27. Obese men exhibited lower levels of TPA activity compared to normal weight men. PMID: 25306554
  28. plasminogen and plasmin but not tissue-type plasminogen activator have roles in regulating fibrinolysis by C-terminal lysines PMID: 22974122
  29. It is involved in Amyloid-beta catabolism and clearance, which is particularly efficient for degrading Amyloid-beta aggregates. Thus, endogenous tPA could delay Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by maintaining low levels of brain Amyloid beta. PMID: 24126163
  30. Data suggest that tPA is required for bone repair and osteoblast proliferation; recombinant tPA stimulates proliferation of osteoblastic cell line. PMID: 24918201
  31. Endogenously released tPA promotes neutrophil transmigration to reperfused tissue via proteolytic activation of plasmin and gelatinases. PMID: 24764453
  32. There are correlations between t-PA, PAI-1 and some rotational thromboelastometry parameters in multiple myeloma patients. PMID: 24964508
  33. Identify 3 loci associated with circulating tPA levels, the PLAT region, STXBP5, and STX2. Functional studies implicate a novel role for STXBP5 and STX2 in regulating tPA release. PMID: 24578379
  34. Studies suggest that inadequate synthesis and release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or low tPA activity be considered a critical component of schizophrenia pathophysiology. PMID: 24108470
  35. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a model of preterm intracerebral-intraventricular hemorrhages for the ontogenic window of vascular immaturity and protection against later neurodisabilities. PMID: 24709679
  36. Data suggest plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and fibrin fragment D-dimer levels are higher in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients than in controls; however, there is a negative relationship between t-PA and intraluminal thrombus thickness. PMID: 23959729
  37. LRP1 assembles unique co-receptor systems to initiate cell signaling in response to tissue-type plasminogen activator and myelin-associated glycoprotein. PMID: 24129569
  38. Renal impairment is associated with higher risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after administration of intravenous tPA. PMID: 24145699
  39. Successful thrombolysis can resolve DWI lesions but does not always improve the neurological symptoms. PMID: 21848677
  40. Excess tissue-type plasminogen activator causes targeted Purkinje cell degeneration and ataxia. PMID: 23939410
  41. II genotype carrier osteomyelitis patients had lower PAI-1/tPA complex levels. PMID: 23570848
  42. Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase does not appear to increase the risk of hemorrhagic complications in these non-metastatic cancer patients, in absence of additional risk factors of bleeding. PMID: 23317922
  43. The combination of recombinant PA and erythropoietin increases release of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and thereby potentially deteriorates ischemic stroke outcome. PMID: 23788583
  44. Use of intraventricular tPA for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage surgery results in less vasospasm, fewer angioplasties, and fewer cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedures. PMID: 20559098
  45. Persons who develop non-affective psychoses have lower levels of certain acute phase proteins, including tPA, at the time of birth. PMID: 23423137
  46. This meta-analysis suggested that the -7351C/T polymorphism in TPA gene would be a risk factor for ischemic stroke. PMID: 23326456
  47. These results suggest that retained tPA on vascular endothelial cells effectively activated plasminogen to plasmin. PMID: 23118500
  48. The serine protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and two matrix metalloproteinases, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, were identified as Reelin cleaving enzymes. PMID: 23082219
  49. Intraventricular fibrinolysis with recombinant tPA does not lead to increased perihemorrhagic edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID: 23306318
  50. VDAC binds tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells PMID: 23161549

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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