Recombinant Human PD1 Protein (Fc Tag Active)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-6760P

Recombinant Human PD1 Protein (Fc Tag Active)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-6760P
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Product Overview

Host Species Human
Accession Q15116
Synonym CD279 CD279 antigen hPD 1 hPD l hPD-1 hSLE1 PD 1 PD-1 PD1 PDCD 1 PDCD1 PDCD1_HUMAN Programmed cell death 1 Programmed cell death 1 protein Programmed cell death protein 1 Protein PD 1 Protein PD-1 SLEB2 Systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility 2
Description Recombinant Human PD1 Protein (Fc Tag Active) was expressed in CHO cells. It is a Full length protein
Source CHO cells
AA Sequence PGWFLDSPDRPWNPPTFSPALLVVTEGDNATFTCSFSNTSESFVLNWYRM SPSNQTDKLAAFPEDRSQPGQDCRFRVTQLPNGRDFHMSVVRARRNDSGT YLCGAISLAPKAQIKESLRAELRVTERRAEVPTAHPSPSPRPAGQFQTLV VGVVGGLLGSLVLLVWVLAVICSRAARGTIGARRTGQPLKEDPSAVPVFS VDYGELDFQWREKTPEPPVPCVPEQTEYATIVFPSGMGTSSPARRGSADG PRSAQPLRPEDGHCSWPLGGPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPK PKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQY NSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREP QVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP VLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPG K
Molecular Weight 55 kDa
Endotoxin < 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Bioactivity Determined by its ability to prevent plate adhesion of PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells in the presence of 625ng/mL of bound hPD-L1. The ED50 for this effect is 2500ng/mL.
Formulation Lyophilised
Stability The recombinant protein samples are stable for up to 12 months at -80°C
Reconstitution See related COA
Unit Definition For Research Use Only
Storage Buffer Shipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Upon delivery aliquot. Store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.

Target Details

Target Function Inhibitory receptor on antigen activated T-cells that plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self. Delivers inhibitory signals upon binding to ligands CD274/PDCD1L1 and CD273/PDCD1LG2. Following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, PDCD1 associates with CD3-TCR in the immunological synapse and directly inhibits T-cell activation. Suppresses T-cell activation through the recruitment of PTPN11/SHP-2: following ligand-binding, PDCD1 is phosphorylated within the ITSM motif, leading to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP-2 that mediates dephosphorylation of key TCR proximal signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, PRKCQ/PKCtheta and CD247/CD3zeta.; The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival. The interaction with CD274/PDCD1L1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function. The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy.
Subcellular Location Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Database References
Associated Diseases Systemic lupus erythematosus 2 (SLEB2)

Gene Functions References

  1. HLA-G, NRP1, and PD-1, may be involved in the immune response in psoriatic patients PMID: 29790686
  2. Proportions of naive CD4+ T cells were lower in young patients than in age-matched controls, and actually comparable to those in old patients and controls. This was accompanied with increased percentages of memory CD4+ T cells expressing HLA-DR, Ki-67, and PD-1 in young melanoma patients in comparison to the age-matched controls, but not in old patients. PMID: 29546435
  3. This meta-analysis demonstrates the PD-1 rs36084323 A > G polymorphism is associated with decreased cancer risk in Asian PMID: 30249505
  4. there is no significant association between PD1.3G/A - rs11568821 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Southern Brazilian population. PMID: 27914594
  5. SLC18A1 might complement other biomarkers currently under study in relation to programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 inhibition PMID: 30194079
  6. Structural and functional analyses unexpectedly reveal an N-terminal loop outside the IgV domain of PD-1. This loop is not involved in recognition of PD-L1 but dominates binding to nivolumab, whereas N-glycosylation is not involved in binding at all. PMID: 28165004
  7. This finding suggested the potential application of PD-1 blockade in AML. The present work demonstrated an excellent synergistic tumour therapeutic effect of PD-1 blockade and CTL therapy compared with either treatment alone. PMID: 29962321
  8. High PD-1 expression is associated with Mycobacterium avium complex-induced lung disease. PMID: 28169347
  9. PD-1/PD-L1 expression is a frequent occurrence in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the digestive system. PMID: 29037958
  10. Results indicated that high-level PD1 expression may be an important factor associated with the immune checkpoint pathway in liver cancer. PMID: 29620156
  11. These results suggest that the PD-1 genotype of the donor plays an important role for the development of acute GvHD after alloHSCT from HLA-identical sibling donors. PMID: 30019128
  12. We conclude that a subgroup of advanced disease ovarian cancer patients with high grade tumors, expressing PD-L1, may be prime candidates for immunotherapy targeting PD-1 signaling PMID: 29843813
  13. Both rs2227982 and rs2227981 polymorphisms were associated with T1 Diabetes (T1D) risk in East Asians, and rs2227982 also had a significant association with glycemic traits, which suggested PDCD1 gene polymorphisms might participate in facilitating T1D risk. [meta-analysis] PMID: 29774466
  14. PD.1 (-538G/A) gene polymorphism is associated with Colon Cancer Risk. PMID: 29580042
  15. The high-affinity PD-1 mutant could compete with the binding of antibodies specific to PD-L1 or PD-L2 on cancer cells. PMID: 29890018
  16. The G allele of rs36084323 of PDCD1 is associated with increased risk of advanced TNM staging of colorectal cancer. PMID: 29652996
  17. promoter methylation of CTLA4, PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 in diffuse lower-grade gliomas (LGG) harboring isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, is reported. PMID: 29396294
  18. Unlike other multiple autoimmune disease associated genetic variants, there was no association between PDCD1 variants and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis PMID: 28056736
  19. Alteration of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can modulate Treg/Th17 balance in asthmatic children. PMID: 29874664
  20. The expression of PD1 on T cells was elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and was correlated with the disease activity. PMID: 29257239
  21. High expression of programmed death-1 in sentinel lymph nodes is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 29193094
  22. We describe three cases of patients with mRCC treated with anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in combination with targeted therapy (bevacizumab), anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 therapy (ipilimumab), or radiotherapy. PMID: 29146617
  23. anti-CTLA4/anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combinations versus anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy was selected as a factor independent of TMB for predicting better RR (77% vs. 21%; P = 0.004) and PFS (P = 0.024). Higher TMB predicts favorable outcome to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade across diverse tumors. PMID: 28835386
  24. The altered soluble (s)PD1 and sICOS serum levels in the different Hepatitis b (HBV) groups may reflect the dysregulation of T cell activation, and may be associated with the HBV pathological process. PMID: 28983583
  25. We found that PD-L1 expression was upregulated following TGF-beta induction; in contrast, it was downregulated by TGF-beta receptor-kinase inhibitors and the MET process. Furthermore, chemo-treatment increased TGF-beta expression and enhances PD-L1 expression via autocrine TGF-beta induced EMT. Analysis of clinical samples revealed a significant relationship between PD-L1 expression and EMT status PMID: 28849209
  26. this study demonstrated that PD-1 may involve in lymph nodes metastasis and promote the understanding of the mechanism of immunotherapies in the non-small cell lung cancer PMID: 28799818
  27. PD-L1 expression in melanoma tumor cells is lower than NSCLC or renal cell carcinoma cells. The higher response rate in melanoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors is likely related to PD-L1 in tumor-associated inflammatory cells. Further studies are warranted to validate the predictive role of inflammatory cell PD-L1 expression in melanoma and determine its biological significance PMID: 28223273
  28. Higher PRE PD-1(+) T cells in responders suggest active suppression of an engaged immune system that is disinhibited by anti-PD-1 therapies. Furthermore, immunoprofiling of EDT biopsies for increased PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltration showed greater predictive utility than PRE biopsies and may allow better selection of patients most likely to benefit from anti-PD-1 therapies and warrants further evaluation PMID: 28512174
  29. PD-1 was overexpressed on CD8+ T-cells from patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in a severity-dependent manner. PMID: 29051270
  30. The results show that the distinctive pathological features of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), background chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), female gender, psammoma bodies, and stromal calcification, are useful parameters for predicting PD-L1 or PD-1 expression. PMID: 28974264
  31. Our results did not show any association between PDCD1 SNPs and the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in an Iranian population PMID: 29307156
  32. High expressions of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) were associated with poor prognosis after surgery. PMID: 29848685
  33. Programmed death-1 polymorphism is associated with risk of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. PMID: 28487496
  34. PD-1 was expressed in 26% of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumor cells and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications PMID: 29445891
  35. We now show that patients with low PD-L1 expression on myeloid cells have improved survival when treated with an antitumor vaccine, suggesting that PD-L1 expression on myeloid cells may be an important predictive biomarker in future clinical trials. Additionally, the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition and vaccination may increase the efficacy of this immunotherapeutic approach. PMID: 28193626
  36. Lower expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was associated with better survival in patients who underwent surgery for the primary tumor and had multiple brain metastases PMID: 28201746
  37. PD-1/PD-L pathway inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T-cell functions and phagocytosis of macrophages in active tuberculosis. PMID: 27924827
  38. This study builds optimism that harmonization between assays may be possible, and that the three assays studied could potentially be used interchangeably to identify patients most likely to respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies, provided the appropriate clinically defined algorithm and agent are always linked. PMID: 28073845
  39. Results identified an overall low expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in high-risk prostate cancer tissue. PMID: 28461179
  40. The biopsy tumor key protein measurements demonstrate substantial between-tumor variation in expression ratios of these proteins and suggest that programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 PD-L2 is present in some tumors at levels sufficient to contribute to programmed cell death-1 PD-1-dependent T-cell regulation and possibly to affect responses to PD-1- and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 PD-L1-blocking drugs. PMID: 28546465
  41. Early phase clinical trials using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination have shown objective tumor responses and durable long-term disease control, in heavily pre-treated patients, notably in the TN subtype. Blockade of PD-1 or PD-L1 shows impressive antitumor activity in some subsets of breast cancer patients PMID: 28799073
  42. Differential expression of immunological markers relating to the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in blood can be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in ovarian cancers. These data have implications for the development and trial of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in ovarian cancer. PMID: 27986748
  43. LAG-3+ iTILs are enriched in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers and represent an independent favorable prognostic factor. In addition, a high proportion of PD-1/PD-L1+ tumors are co-infiltrated with LAG-3+ TILs. PMID: 29045526
  44. An IDO1 inhibitor, epacadostat also demonstrated promising activity in combination with the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors in other solid tumors, including melanoma, urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer PMID: 28760910
  45. PD-L1 was positive in tumor cells in 2/13 cases, weak positive in 7/13, and negative in 4/13 cases, respectively PMID: 28807336
  46. we report the first case of immune microenvironment profiling and response to anti-PD-1 in a patient with Renal medullary carcinoma to our knowledge. This case suggests that anti-PD-1 based therapies may have clinical activity in Renal medullary carcinoma PMID: 28105368
  47. We present two cases of metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti PD-1). Both patients developed acute interstitial nephritis during immune checkpoint therapy PMID: 28105370
  48. the positive rate of PD-L2 did not show any differences between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. In multivariate analysis, PD-L1 expression, PD-L2 expression, a low density of CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors, and PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors were associated with poor prognosis. PMID: 28754154
  49. Relative to controls, the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating T cells increased with disease progression. Upregulation of expression promotes t-cells apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. PMID: 29599324
  50. These data support the combinatorial approach of in situ suppression of the PD-L inhibitory checkpoints with DC-mediated IL15 transpresentation to promote antigen-specific T-cell responses and, ultimately, contribute to graft-versus-tumor immunity PMID: 28637876

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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