Recombinant Human ApoM Protein (Fc Tag)

Name: Recombinant Human ApoM Protein (Fc Tag)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLPSN-0245
Availability: InStock

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	Fc
Host Species	Human
Accession	O95445
Synonym	apo-M, DADB-127H9.5, G3a, HSPC336, NG20
Background	ApoM (apolipoprotein M) is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family. The lipocalins share limited regions of sequence homology and a common tertiary structure architecture. They have an eight-stranded, antiparallel, symmetrical _-barrel fold, which is in essence a beta sheet which has been rolled into a cylindrical shape. Inside this barrel is located a ligand binding site. They transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids, and lipids. Lipocalins have been associated with many biological processes, among them immune response, pheromone transport, biological prostaglandin synthesis, retinoid binding, and cancer cell interactions. Lipocalins are comparatively small in size, and are thus less complicated to study as opposed to large, bulky proteins. They can also bind to various ligands for different biological purposes. ApoM is associated with high density lipoproteins and to a lesser extent with low density lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. ApoM is involved in lipid transport and can bind sphingosine-1-phosphate, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, retinol, all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid.
Description	A DNA sequence encoding the human APOM (O95445) (Met 1-Asn 188) was fused with the Fc region of human IgG1 at the C-terminus.
Source	HEK293
Predicted N Terminal	Cys 23
AA Sequence	Met 1-Asn 188
Molecular Weight	The recombinant human APOM/Fc is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein. The reduced monomer consists of 407 a.a. and has a predicted molecular mass of 45.6 kDa. The apparent molecular mass of the reduced monomer is approximately 50 kDa in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions due to glycosylation.
Purity	>85% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Bioactivity	Please contact us for detailed information
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4.
Stability	The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store the protein under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Probably involved in lipid transport. Can bind sphingosine-1-phosphate, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, retinol, all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Note=Present in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and to a lesser extent in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLP) and low density lipoproteins (LDL).
Protein Families	Calycin superfamily, Lipocalin family
Database References	HGNC: 13916 OMIM: 606907 KEGG: hsa:55937 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000365081 UniGene: Hs.534468
Tissue Specificity	Plasma protein. Expressed in liver and kidney.

Gene Functions References

Obese patients showed significantly lower plasmatic ApoM levels than people with normal body weight, and ApoM level showed a strong correlation with CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels, which indicated that ApoM might be regulated by these inflammatory factors. PMID: 30110274
These results demonstrated that ApoM protein mass were clearly higher in the NSCLC tissues than in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Overexpression of ApoM could promote NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, which might be via upregulating S1PR1 and activating the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. PMID: 29750961
results do not suggest a diagnostic role for ApoM plasma levels in patients with primary VTE. Moreover, the current study suggests that role of ApoM as a risk factor may differ for primary VTE and recurrent VTE in male patients. PMID: 28914078
These S1P-induced enhancements in growth factors and chemotactic cytokines in retinal pigment epithelium cells were significantly inhibited by ApoM treatment. Additionally, in vivo experiments using a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) murine model demonstrated that intravitreal ApoM injection significantly reduced the progression of CNV formation. PMID: 29301231
The potential of mean force for sphingosine-1-phosphate unbinding from apoM reflected a large binding strength of more than 60 kJ/mol. This high unbinding free energy for sphingosine-1-phosphate underlines the observed specificity of the physiological effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate as it suggests that the spontaneous release of sphingosine-1-phosphate from apoM is unlikely. PMID: 27476912
results demonstrated that lower APOM levels in SLE patients and correlated with disease activity. PMID: 28476116
Sequenced the ApoM gene in recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and identified six polymorphisms. ApoM rs805297 was significantly associated with higher risk of VTE recurrence in male but not in female patients. PMID: 27277397
Single nucleotide polymorphism in ApoM gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID: 28927745
ApoM T-855C and T-778C polymorphisms were found to be associated with obesity by regulating HDL metabolism, and the T alleles of apoM T-778C were shown to be more strongly correlated. PMID: 28245483
liver mRNA levels of apoM and apoA1 decreased strongly upon sepsis induction. PMID: 26990127
17beta-estradiol induced up-regulation of apoM in HepG2 cells is through an ER-alpha-dependent pathway involving ER-alpha binding element in the promoter of the apoM gene. PMID: 28359281
A shift in ApoM/sphingosine 1-phosphate between HDL-particles in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus Is associated with impaired anti-inflammatory effects of the ApoM/S1P complex. PMID: 28385702
ApoM-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate regulates adhesion molecule abundance, leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, and endothelial barrier function via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor1. PMID: 27879252
HDL-associated ApoM is anti-apoptotic by delivering sphingosine 1-phosphate to S1P1 and S1P3 receptors on vascular endothelium. PMID: 28179022
Plasma apoM concentrations are higher in patients with hyperlipidaemia than in healthy controls. Low plasma apoM levels in patients with T2DM are likely caused by diabetes but are not induced by hyperlipidaemia. PMID: 27633510
The polymorphism C-724del in the promoter region of the apoM gene could confer the risk of T2DM among eastern Han Chinese. Unfortunately, the lowing of plasma apoM levels of C-724del mutant allele carriers compared with the wide-type homozygotes carriers in T2DM patients was not statistically different in present study, so further researchs were needed by enlarging the sample PMID: 27576735
ApoM rs805296 polymorphism may be a risk factor for developing coronary artery disease [meta-analysis] PMID: 26723879
ApoM/HDL-C and apoM/apoA1 ratios could be used as indicators for identification of DN from healthy people and from T2DM patients. PMID: 28073663
ApoM may be a biomarker of coronary artery disease. ApoM-855 T-->C substitution provides binding sites for AP-2alpha and reduces ApoM transcription activity PMID: 27841911
Data indicate significant association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs805296) of apolipoprotein M (ApoM) and the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) among Chinese Han population in Lanzhou. PMID: 27412944
Serum apolipoprotein M was elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and increased gradually with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity. PMID: 27001252
ApoM is excreted in the urine of children after cardiac surgery in children with acute kidney injury PMID: 26642098
Hyperglycemia-induced downregulation of apolipoprotein M expression is not via the hexosamine pathway. PMID: 26377577
ApoM is highly expressed in renal proximal tubule cells and is usually reabsorbed by giantin-associated proteins in a process, which is also affected in kidney disease. PMID: 25901639
our findings present supportive evidence that ApoM is a regulator of human LRH-1 transcription, and further reveal the importance of ApoM as a critical regulator of bile acids metabolism PMID: 25987835
-724 I/D polymorphism decreases the apoM promoter activity, down-regulates the apoM protein expression level, and increases the risk of myocardial infarction PMID: 25637426
these findings demonstrated that apoM suppressed TNF-alpha-induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 through inhibiting the activity of NF-kappaB. PMID: 26057873
role of apoM in lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic diseases.(48-55) PMID: 25551802
ApoM levels differ according to country of birth and are associated with IR and T2DM only in native-born Swedes, not Iraqis living in Sweden. PMID: 24984825
Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that both apoM and apoAI mRNA may considered as independent risk factors for fetal macrosomia PMID: 25194312
ApoM overexpression may have a potential role in improving insulin resistance in vivo and modulating apoM expression might be a future therapeutic strategy against insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. PMID: 25144649
Single nucleotide polymorphism in APOM is associated with lung cancer. PMID: 25187487
the apolipoprotein M/HDL pathway may have a role in the pathogenesis of COPD and emphysema [meta-analysis] PMID: 23900982
Decreased activities of apolipoprotein m promoter are associated with the susceptibility to coronary artery diseases. PMID: 24578614
the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism APOM rs805297 G/T variant allele was associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk PMID: 23660425
The apolipoprotein M rs805297 SNP is not associated with an increased risk for developing coronary artery disease, although it does independently correlate with dyslipidemia in Han Chinese individuals. PMID: 24341666
Apolipoprotein M T-778C polymorphism is associated with serum lipid levels and the risk of coronary artery disease in the Chinese population. (Meta-analysis) PMID: 24040766
Data indicate that palmitic acid induced suppression of apolipoprotein M (APOM) expression is mediated via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) pathway. PMID: 24508264
The unique apoM/S1P-enriched plasma HDL may serve to deliver S1P to extrahepatic tissues for atheroprotection and may have other as yet unidentified functions. PMID: 24318881
Apolipoprotein M as a chaperone for sphingosine-1-phosphate. [Review] PMID: 23652568
Livers are involved in S1P dynamism, and it was suggested that apoM, produced from livers, increases circulating plasma S1P by augmenting the S1P output from livers and modifies extracellular S1P metabolism. PMID: 23664237
Vascular endothelial growth factor downregulates apolipoprotein M expression PMID: 22877565
Data support that the APOM C-1065A polymorphism is associated with increased risk for developing rheumatoid arthritis and dyslipidaemia in RA patients. PMID: 23190940
The APOM gene rs707921 and rs707922 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with some serum lipid parameters. PMID: 23086303
These data suggest that the plasma clearance of apoM, despite apoM primarily being associated with HDL, is influenced by LDL receptor-mediated clearance of apoB-containing particles. PMID: 22826357
The present study demonstrated that apoM expression could be elevated by ABCA1 via the RXR/LXR pathway and LRH1 does not involve in the regulation of apoM by the activation of ABCA1, although the direct regulative pathway(s) between ABCA1 and apoM gene is still unknown yet. PMID: 22516753
ApoM can bind oxidized phospholipids, increasing the antioxidant effect of HDL. PMID: 22204862
Report plasma levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate and apolipoprotein M in patients with monogenic disorders of HDL metabolism. PMID: 21944699
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at the promoter region of the APOM gene is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 21844665
Raised ApoM levels in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may in turn suppress HBV replication PMID: 21875437

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