Recombinant Human AMF Protein

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-12122P

Recombinant Human AMF Protein

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLA-12122P
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Product Overview

Host Species Human
Accession P06744
Synonym AMF Aurocrine motility factor Autocrine motility factor DKFZp686C13233 EC 5.3.1.9 G6PI_HUMAN Glucose phosphate isomerase Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase GNPI GPI Gpi1 Hexose monophosphate isomerase Hexosephosphate isomerase Neuroleukin NLK Oxoisomerase PGI PHI Phosphoglucose isomerase Phosphohexomutase Phosphohexose isomerase Phosphosaccharomutase SA 36 SA-36 SA36 Sperm antigen 36
Description Recombinant Human AMF Proteinwas expressed in E.coli. It is a Full length protein
Source E.coli
AA Sequence MGSSHHHHHHSSGLVPRGSHMAALTRDPQFQKLQQWYREHRSELNLRRLF DANKDRFNHFSLTLNTNHGHILVDYSKNLVTEDVMRMLVDLAKSRGVEAA RERMFNGEKINYTEGRAVLHVALRNRSNTPILVDGKDVMPEVNKVLDKMK SFCQRVRSGDWKGYTGKTITDVINIGIGGSDLGPLMVTEALKPYSSGGPR VWYVSNIDGTHIAKTLAQLNPESSLFIIASKTFTTQETITNAETAKEWFL QAAKDPSAVAKHFVALSTNTTKVKEFGIDPQNMFEFWDWVGGRYSLWSAI GLSIALHVGFDNFEQLLSGAHWMDQHFRTTPLEKNAPVLLALLGIWYINC FGCETHAMLPYDQYLHRFAAYFQQGDMESNGKYITKSGTRVDHQTGPIVW GEPGTNGQHAFYQLIHQGTKMIPCDFLIPVQTQHPIRKGLHHKILLANFL AQTEALMRGKSTEEARKELQAAGKSPEDLERLLPHKVFEGNRPTNSIVFT KLTPFMLGALVAMYEHKIFVQGIIWDINSFDQWGVELGKQLAKKIEPELD GSAQVTSHDASTNGLINFIKQQREARVQ
Molecular Weight 62 kDa including tags
Purity >95% purity as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin < 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Bioactivity Specific activity is > 400 units/mg obtained by measuring the increase of NADPH in absorbance at 340 nm resulting from the reduction of NADP. One unit will convert 1.0 umole of D-Fructose 6-phosphate to D-glucose 6-phosphate per minute at pH 7.4 at 37C.
Formulation Liquid Solution
Stability The recombinant protein samples are stable for up to 12 months at -80°C
Reconstitution See related COA
Unit Definition For Research Use Only
Storage Buffer Shipped at 4°C. Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Upon delivery aliquot. Store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle.

Target Details

Target Function In the cytoplasm, catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, the second step in glycolysis, and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis. Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, also acts as a secreted cytokine: acts as an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. Acts as a neurotrophic factor, neuroleukin, for spinal and sensory neurons. It is secreted by lectin-stimulated T-cells and induces immunoglobulin secretion.
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm. Secreted.
Protein Families GPI family
Database References

HGNC: 4458

OMIM: 172400

KEGG: hsa:2821

UniGene: Hs.466471

Associated Diseases Hemolytic anemia, non-spherocytic, due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency (HA-GPID)

Gene Functions References

  1. Study demonstrated a novel pathway regulating hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis mediated by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. PMID: 28067317
  2. Our data suggest that glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene polymorphism may serve as potential biomarkers to predict the overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 27288297
  3. Mutation p.Gln413Arg fs*24 is the first frameshift null mutation to be described in GPI deficiency. Molecular modeling suggests that the structural change induced by the p.Gly87Ala pathogenic variant has direct impact in the structural arrangement of the region close to the active site of the enzyme. PMID: 27519939
  4. The 2 cysteines in hGPIc-c are prone to form disulfides upon oxidation. hGPIc-c could induce arthritis in both B10.Q and B10Q.Ncf1*/* mice, whereas hGPIs-s immunization did not induce disease at all, showing that these disulfides are critical for the arthritis-inducing immune response. The cysteines at position 330 and 333 are not crucial for TCR recognition. GILT expression affects hGPI-c-c processing at the CXXC motif. PMID: 29127146
  5. These results suggested that E4P by directly interacting with extracellular HPI/AMF may be an effective strategy to deter BCSC growth and progression. PMID: 28648642
  6. The silencing of PGI/AMF decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt (-71.9%, P<0.001) compared with the scrambled siRNA, as well as the levels of the stemness marker, SOX2 (-61.7%, P<0.01). Taken together, these findings suggest that PGI/AMF silencing decreases migration, tumorsphere formation as well as the proportion of on the side population cells in glioblastoma U87 cells. PMID: 26936801
  7. NLK is able to promote cell proliferation and type II collagen synthesis during in vitro chondrocyte propagation. PMID: 26573126
  8. Suggest tha AMF/PGI-mediated tumorigenesis occurs through MAPK-ERK signaling in endometrial carcinoma. PMID: 26308071
  9. Study supports a role for AMF mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer (EC) through MAPK signaling. Therefore, AMF may provide a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in preventing EC progression. PMID: 26201353
  10. Results showed an increase in GPI and AMFR in clear cell-renal cell carcinoma cells, and their colocalization on plasma membrane. Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences in survival among groups of patients with high versus low GPI. PMID: 26579829
  11. The association of ENO1 and GPI with postthaw sperm viability and motility was confirmed using Pearson's linear correlation. ENO1 and GPI can be used as markers of human sperm freezability before starting the cryopreservation procedure. PMID: 25910678
  12. High GPI expression is associated with metastatic phenotype of breast cancer. PMID: 24440856
  13. PGI is a moonlighting protein that functions as a cytosolic enzyme involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and as cytokine through binding to its cell surface receptor. PMID: 11004567
  14. Serum anti-GPI autoantibodies are useful for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese patients. PMID: 23773638
  15. Findings suggest that autocrine motility factor (AMF)-HER2 interaction might be a novel target for therapeutic management of patients with breast cancer, whose disease is resistant to trastuzumab. PMID: 23248119
  16. For PGI, an extended active site in which residues in the first, second, and third layers around the reacting substrate are predicted. PMID: 21970785
  17. GPI is a target gene of the BACH1 transcription factor according to ChIP-seq analysis in HEK 293 cells. PMID: 21555518
  18. By regulating ER calcium release, AMF/PGI interaction with gp78/AMFR therefore protects against ER stress identifying novel roles for these cancer-associated proteins in promoting tumor cell survival. PMID: 21252914
  19. Data suggest that elevated serum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase may be involved in the synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis and may prove useful as a serum marker for disease activity. PMID: 20810510
  20. Data show that effective downregulation of AMF/PGI expression and subsequent abrogation of AMF/PGI secretion, which resulted in morphologic change with reduced growth, motility, and invasion. PMID: 20978190
  21. autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase against TGF-beta-induced apoptosis was correlated with its enzymatic activity PMID: 19819066
  22. hypoxia-induced gene in pancreatic cancer cell lines PMID: 11688991
  23. Overexpression induces neoplastic transformation and survival of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. PMID: 12517804
  24. The results demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of PGI is not essential for either receptor binding or cytokine function of human PGI. PMID: 12527360
  25. crystal structure and analysis of the initial ring-opening step of catalysis PMID: 12573240
  26. role in regulating cell proliferation PMID: 12783864
  27. AMF regulates expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-9 genes via a complex signaling pathway and indirectly regulates formation of the apoptosome. (autocrine motility factor) PMID: 14566819
  28. The observations are consistent with a downstream mediation role of MMP-3 in Pohophoglucose isomerase/AMF-stimulated tumor cell metastasis. PMID: 14715248
  29. T-cell dependent peripheral polyarthritis induced by recombinant human glucose-6-phosphate isomerase in genetically unaltered mice demonstrates for the first time the induction of organ-specific disease by systemic autoimmunity. PMID: 15034067
  30. In addition to the findings in rheumatoid arthritis, our results indicate that GPI is not a general target of autoantibodies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 15290745
  31. Our results suggest that GPI variants may play a crucial role in the production of autoantibodies against ubiquitous GPI autoantigens. PMID: 15369782
  32. AMF expression significantly contributes to the aggressive phenotype of pancreatic cancer PMID: 15570012
  33. phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor activities are differentially regulated by protein kinase CK2 phosphorylation PMID: 15637053
  34. interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 drives mobility of erythroid progenitor cells PMID: 15850830
  35. N-glyco side-chain of AMFR is a trigger and that interaction between the 117-C-terminal part of AMF and the extracellular core protein of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) is needed during AMF-AMFR interactions PMID: 16563432
  36. elevated G6PI levels present in patients with immune-based inflammatory arthritis may contribute to elevated levels of anti-G6PI Abs and G6PI/anti-G6PI immune complexes PMID: 16949042
  37. Missense mutations c.341A>T (p.Asp113Val) in exon 4 and c.663T>G (p.Asn220Lys) in exon 7 are associated with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. PMID: 17041899
  38. the receptor molecule for AMF/NLK/MF in leukemic differentiation is not gp78 PMID: 17071500
  39. raft-dependent endocytosis of AMF follows a distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway that is up-regulated in more aggressive tumor cells PMID: 17690101
  40. PGI/AMF is involved in oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and should bring novel insights into the control of cellular growth leading to a new methodology for cancer treatment. PMID: 17925402
  41. IL-6 and Th17 play an essential role in GPI-induced arthritis PMID: 18311788
  42. Results of this study suggest that AMF stimulation stimulates MMP3 expression via a MAPK signaling pathway. PMID: 18485900
  43. Peptide fragment glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI)325-339 is identified as a major epitope in GPI-induced arthritis, with potential to induce polyarthritis. PMID: 18992137
  44. Mutations effect catalytic activity and structural stability of human glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. PMID: 19064002
  45. Expression of this protein leads to mesenchymal-topepithelial transition in breast cancer cells. PMID: 19531650
  46. overexpression of PGI significantly contributes to the aggressive phenotype of human colon cancer PMID: 19787266
  47. melanoma migration induced by AMF is mediated by autocrine production of IL-8 as a novel downstream modulator of the AMF signaling pathway PMID: 19801670

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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